Crypto Canon

Here’s a list of crypto readings and resources (2018-2019). It’s organized from building blocks and basics; foundations (& history); and key concepts — followed by specific topics such as governance; privacy and security; scaling; consensus and governance; cryptoeconomics, cryptoassets, and investing; fundraising and token distribution; decentralized exchanges; stablecoins; and cryptoeconomic primitives and crypto goods (non-fungible tokens, cryptocollectibles, token-curated registries, curation markets). We also included a section with developer tutorials, practical guides, and maker stories — as well as other resources, such as newsletters/updates and courses, at the end. [You can find a16z’s writings, posts, and videos on the topic at a16z.com/crypto.]

For a list of resources dedicated to NFTs, applications, community/social tokens and creator DAOs, please see a16z.com/nftcanon.

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WTF is the blockchain? — understanding the problem it solves before defining it
by Mohit Mamoria
https://hackernoon.com/wtf-is-the-blockchain-1da89ba19348

Ever wonder how bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) actually work?
from 3Blue1Brown
https://youtu.be/bBC-nXj3Ng4

How the bitcoin protocol actually works
by Michael Nielsen
http://www.michaelnielsen.org/ddi/how-the-bitcoin-protocol-actually-works/

Ethereum in 25 minutes
by Vitalik Buterin
https://youtu.be/66SaEDzlmP4

How does Ethereum work, anyway? — how it functions at a technical level, without complex math
by Preethi Kasireddy
https://medium.com/@preethikasireddy/how-does-ethereum-work-anyway-22d1df506369

Decrypting crypto, from bitcoin and blockchain to ICOs
by Alex Rampell
https://a16z.com/2017/12/08/summit-crypto-alex-rampell/

An introduction to crypto
by Linda Xie
https://a16z.com/2018/05/04/intro-to-crypto/

Cryptographic hash function — what they are, properties of, etc.
by Khan Academy
https://youtu.be/0WiTaBI82Mc

Basic primer on blockchain — ledger basics, why it matters
by Chris Berg, Sinclair Davidson, and Jason Potts
https://medium.com/@cryptoeconomics/the-blockchain-economy-a-beginners-guide-to-institutional-cryptoeconomics-64bf2f2beec4

Basic terminology for Ethereum — from gas to dapps (distributed apps)
by Matt Condon
https://medium.com/@mattcondon/getting-up-to-speed-on-ethereum-63ed28821bbe

Crypto Glossary: Cryptocurrencies & Blockchains — key concepts and terms to know that relate to NFTs (cryptography, proof of stake, more)
by Alex Pruden and Sonal Chokshi
https://a16z.com/2019/11/08/crypto-glossary/

Beginner’s guide series on cryptoassets (series) — from ethereum to litecoin
by Linda Xie
https://medium.com/@linda.xie/beginners-guide-series-on-cryptoassets-d897535d887 

Bitcoin whitepaper (2009): A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
by Satoshi Nakamoto
https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

Ethereum whitepaper (2013+): A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
by Vitalik Buterin et al
https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

The Byzantine Generals Problem (1982)
by Leslie Lamport, Robert Shostak, and Marshall Pease
https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/pubs/byz.pdf

The Agoric papers series (1988)
by Mark Miller and K. Eric Drexler
https://agoric.com/references/#aos

The idea of smart contracts (1997)
by Nick Szabo
http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/idea.html

Why bitcoin matters (2014)
by Marc Andreessen
https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/01/21/why-bitcoin-matters/

Bitcoin’s academic pedigree (2017)
by Arvind Narayanan and Jeremy Clark
https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3136559

Beyond the bitcoin bubble
by Steven Johnson
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/16/magazine/beyond-the-bitcoin-bubble.html

Crypto tokens: A breakthrough in open network design
by Chris Dixon
https://medium.com/@cdixon/crypto-tokens-a-breakthrough-in-open-network-design-e600975be2ef 

Crypto tokens and the coming age of protocol innovation
by Albert Wenger
http://continuations.com/post/148098927445/crypto-tokens-and-the-coming-age-of-protocol 

Fat protocols
by Joel Monegro
https://www.usv.com/blog/fat-protocols 

Cryptocurrencies, app coins, and investing in protocols
Olaf Carson-Wee, Chris Dixon, and Sonal Chokshi
https://a16z.com/2017/04/03/cryptocurrencies-protocols-appcoins/

Getting applications into people’s hands
Juan Benet and Chris Dixon
https://a16z.com/2017/09/14/networks-protocols-labs-tokens/

Blockchain: what is it good for? — including smart contracts
by Ed Felten
http://freedom-to-tinker.com/2018/02/26/blockchain-what-is-it-good-for/

How the U.S. government used blockchain to fight fraud
by Kathryn Haun
https://youtu.be/507wn9VcSAE 

Bitcoin network effects
by Elad Gil
http://blog.eladgil.com/2017/12/bitcoin-network-effects_11.html

Keepers: workers that maintain blockchain networks — when designed correctly, tokens can act like rocket-fuel for driving network effects by incentivizing desired behaviors
by Ryan Zurrer
https://medium.com/@rzurrer/keepers-workers-that-maintain-blockchain-networks-a40182615b66

The quiet master of cryptocurrency — Nick Szabo in conversation with Naval Ravikant
by Tim Ferris
https://tim.blog/2017/06/04/nick-szabo/

Why crypto tokens matter
Fred Ehrsam and Chris Dixon
https://a16z.com/2017/09/28/cryptocurrencies-networks-tokens/

What are cryptonetworks and why are tokens fundamental? — with full deck
by Nick Grossman
https://www.nickgrossman.xyz/2018/cryptonetworks-and-why-tokens-are-fundamental/

Why it’s hard to “get” bitcoin: the blockchain spectrum
by Dhruv Bansal
https://blog.unchained-capital.com/blockchain-spectrum-806847e1c575

Money, blockchains, and social scalability
by Nick Szabo
http://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2017/02/money-blockchains-and-social-scalability.html

What do we mean by “blockchains are trustless”?
by Preethi Kasireddy
https://medium.com/@preethikasireddy/eli5-what-do-we-mean-by-blockchains-are-trustless-aa420635d5f6 

Why decentralization matters — from eras of the internet to cryptonetworks
by Chris Dixon
https://medium.com/@cdixon/why-decentralization-matters-5e3f79f7638e

The meaning of decentralization — but what does that actually mean? nuances, depth
by Vitalik Buterin
https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274

Quantifying decentralization — we must be able to measure blockchain decentralization before we can improve it
by Balaji Srinivasan and Leland Lee
https://news.earn.com/quantifying-decentralization-e39db233c28e

The truth about blockchain — framework for adoption to help big company executives understand state of development; strategic investments; challenges, resources, processes to facilitate adoption
by Marco Iansiti and Karim Lakhani
https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-truth-about-blockchain

The slow death of the firm
by Nick Tomaino
https://thecontrol.co/the-slow-death-of-the-firm-1bd6cc81286b

Vitalik Buterin, creator of Ethereum — Unchained: big ideas from the worlds of blockchain and cryptocurrency
by Laura Shin
https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/unchained-big-ideas-from-worlds-blockchain-cryptocurrency/id1123922160

Mental models for understanding tokens
Nick Tomaino and Chris Dixon
https://a16z.com/2018/01/21/mental-models-tokens-crypto-trends/

Hard forks, soft forks, defaults, and coercion — illustrating fork types, benefits, addressing criticisms
by Vitalik Buterin
https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/03/14/forks_and_markets.html

An overview of governance in blockchains — introduction slides to a working paper
by Odysseas Sclavounis and Nic Carter
https://www.docdroid.net/ddz6VzP/overview-governance-blockchains-nc-zcon.pdf

Governance deep dive — slides from Blockchain at Berkeley
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/10cLFnYaR0r58DyPVYwMgJq3nJOFVkO02hxJf1hxGnJ0/edit?usp=sharing
by Alexandra Tran and Steven Elleman

The myth of the irrational token holder — why blockchain governance doesn’t fit squarely into any existing model
by Kathleen Breitman
https://medium.com/@kathleenbreit/the-myth-of-the-irrational-token-holder-c12438709afd 

Blockchain governance/ governance 101 — talk from Ethereum Foundation at BeyondBlock Taipei 2017
by Vlad Zamfir
https://youtu.be/9RtSod8EXn4

Blockchain governance — design components, approaches, suggestions
by Fred Ehrsam
https://medium.com/@FEhrsam/blockchain-governance-programming-our-future-c3bfe30f2d74

Against on-chain governance — refuting (and rebuking) the above post
by Vlad Zamfir
https://medium.com/@Vlad_Zamfir/against-on-chain-governance-a4ceacd040ca

On-chain vote buying and the rise of dark DAOs — on on-chain voting and governance
by Philip Daian, Tyler Kell, Ian Miers, and Ari Juels
http://hackingdistributed.com/2018/07/02/on-chain-vote-buying/

Thoughts on governance and network effects
Luke Duncan
https://blog.aragon.one/thoughts-on-governance-and-network-effects-f40fda3e3f98

Notes on blockchain governance
by Vitalik Buterin
http://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/17/voting.html

Tezos position paper — a self-amending crypto-ledger 
by Arthur and Kathleen Breitman
https://www.tezos.com/static/papers/position_paper.pdf

An Overview of Cosmos Hub Governance — how a proposal is submitted, how deposits are collected, how the voting happens and how the final outcome is determined
by Felix Lutsch
https://blog.chorus.one/an-overview-of-cosmos-hub-governance/

Privacy on the blockchain
by Vitalik Buterin
https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/01/15/privacy-on-the-blockchain/

Securing smart contracts (series) — 6 Solidity vulnerabilities and how to avoid them
from Loom
https://medium.com/loom-network/how-to-secure-your-smart-contracts-6-solidity-vulnerabilities-and-how-to-avoid-them-part-1-c33048d4d17d
https://medium.com/loom-network/how-to-secure-your-smart-contracts-6-solidity-vulnerabilities-and-how-to-avoid-them-part-2-730db0aa4834

Ethereum smart contract best practices
by ConsenSys Diligence
https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/

Town Crier: an authenticated data feed for smart contracts
by Fan Zhang, Ethan Cecchetti, Kyle Croman, Ari Juels, and Elaine Shi
https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/168.pdf

Devcon3 panel on formal verification
Phil Daian, Everett Hildenbrandt, Yoichi Hirai, and Loi Luu, moderated by Reto Trinkler
https://youtu.be/DrDIcirrhWM

What are zk-SNARKs?
by Jay Graber
https://z.cash/technology/zksnarks.html

Introduction to zero-knowledge proofs — Zero Knowledge podcast episode 21, examples and underlying concepts
by Fredrik Harrysson and Anna Rose
https://www.zeroknowledge.fm/21

Understanding zero-knowledge proofs — a summary based on the above episode of Zero Knowledge (with Fredrik Harrysson and Anna Rose)
by Nicole Zhu
https://blog.goodaudience.com/understanding-zero-knowledge-proofs-through-simple-examples-df673f796d99

Zk-SNARKs: under the hood (series) — assumes basic knowledge of zk-SNARKs (zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge)
by Vitalik Buterin
https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/zk-snarks-under-the-hood-b33151a013f6

STARKs, part I: proofs with polynomials — general-purpose technology that can be used for all sorts of use cases ranging from verifiable computation to privacy-preserving cryptocurrency
by Vitalik Buterin
https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/11/09/starks_part_1.html

Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity — on transparent zk-SNARKs (zk-STARKs) as a solution to the tension between personal privacy and institutional integrity
by Eli Ben-Sasson, Iddo Bentov, Yinon Horesh, and Michael Riabzev
https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/046.pdf

Succinct non-interactive zero knowledge for a von Neumann Architecture
by Eli Ben-Sasson, Alessandro Chiesa, Eran Tromer, and Madars Virza
https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/879.pdf

Blockchains don’t scale — not today, at least… but there’s hope
by Preethi Kasireddy
https://hackernoon.com/blockchains-dont-scale-not-today-at-least-but-there-s-hope-2cb43946551a

The decentralized-consistent-scale (DCS) triangle — on the “trilemma” of scalability, tradeoffs between decentralized, consistent, or scalable
by Trent McConaghy
https://blog.bigchaindb.com/the-dcs-triangle-5ce0e9e0f1dc 

Models for scaling trustless computation — on the “trilemma” of scalability, tradeoffs between safety, scalability, and decentralization of block production
by Kyle Samani
https://multicoin.capital/2018/02/23/models-scaling-trustless-computation/

What are zk-SNARKs and why do they matter? (a fable) — a tale of Ethereum scalability
by Eric Gorski
https://blog.gnosis.pm/the-parrot-and-the-viper-a-tale-of-ethereum-scalability-3d121df3de87

Platform currencies may soon be obsolete — here is my claim: within 5 years the biggest cryptocurrency by market cap will be an application token
by Aleksandr Bulkin
https://blog.coinfund.io/platform-currencies-may-soon-be-obsolete-78d9b263d902

The importance of layer two — an HTTP of bitcoin and blockchains
by Elizabeth Stark
https://youtu.be/3PcR4HWJnkY

What is the Lightning Network and how can it help bitcoin scale?
by Elizabeth Stark
https://coincenter.org/entry/what-is-the-lightning-network

Making sense of Ethereum’s Layer 2 scaling solutions: state channels, Plasma, and Truebit
by Josh Stark
https://medium.com/l4-media/making-sense-of-ethereums-layer-2-scaling-solutions-state-channels-plasma-and-truebit-22cb40dcc2f4

On managing tradeoffs between Layer 1 and Layer 2 innovations
by Vitalik Buterin
https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/08/26/layer_1.html

Scaling Tezos — scaling with recursive SNARKs (succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge)
by Arthur Breitman
https://hackernoon.com/scaling-tezo-8de241dd91bd

Ethereum Foundation research initiatives — primary topics in both pure and applied research
by Ethereum Foundation

Ethereum scalability research and development subsidy programs
by Vitalik Buterin
https://blog.ethereum.org/2018/01/02/ethereum-scalability-research-development-subsidy-programs/

A beginner’s guide to Ethermint
by Tendermint
https://blog.cosmos.network/a-beginners-guide-to-ethermint-38ee15f8a6f4

Construction of a plasma chain 0x1
by David Knott

Accounts, transactions, gas, and block gas limits in Ethereum
by Hudson Jameson
https://hudsonjameson.com/2017-06-27-accounts-transactions-gas-ethereum/

Interplanetary linked computing: separating Merkle Computing from blockchain computational courts
by Simon de la Rouviere
https://media.consensys.net/interplanetary-linked-computing-separating-merkle-computing-from-blockchain-computational-courts-1ade201ecf8a

Ethereum sharding: overview and finality
by Hsiao-Wei Wang
https://medium.com/@icebearhww/ethereum-sharding-and-finality-65248951f649

What it means to have consensus in a distributed system — brief basics of distributed systems and distributed “consensus”
by Preethi Kasireddy
https://medium.com/@preethikasireddy/lets-take-a-crack-at-understanding-distributed-consensus-dad23d0dc95

Decentralization in bitcoin and ethereum
by Adem Efe Gencer, Soumya Basu, Ittay Eyal, Robbert van Renesse, and Emin Gün Sirer
http://hackingdistributed.com/2018/01/15/decentralization-bitcoin-ethereum/

A proof of stake design philosophy
by Vitalik Buterin
https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/a-proof-of-stake-design-philosophy-506585978d51

Delegrated proof of stake: Features and tradeoffs
by Myles Snider
https://multicoin.capital/2018/03/02/delegated-proof-stake-features-tradeoffs/

Seeking consensus on consensus — DPOS (delegated proof of stake) and the Two Generals’ problem
by Ian Grigg
https://steemit.com/eos/@iang/seeking-consensus-on-consensus-dpos-or-delegated-proof-of-stake-and-the-two-generals-problem

Consensus Compare: Casper vs. Tendermint; Tendermint BFT vs. EOS dPoS
from Tendermint
https://blog.cosmos.network/consensus-compare-casper-vs-tendermint-6df154ad56ae
https://blog.cosmos.network/consensus-compare-tendermint-bft-vs-eos-dpos-46c5bca7204b

Ethereum Casper 101
by Jon Choi
https://medium.com/@jonchoi/ethereum-casper-101-7a851a4f1eb0

The history of Casper  (series)
by Vlad Zamfir
https://medium.com/@Vlad_Zamfir/the-history-of-casper-part-1-59233819c9a9

Inflation and participation in stake-based token protocols
by Doug Petkanics
https://medium.com/@petkanics/inflation-and-participation-in-stake-based-token-protocols-1593688612bf

Making sense of cryptoeconomics — the term and the concept
by Josh Stark
https://hackernoon.com/making-sense-of-cryptoeconomics-5edea77e4e8d

A crash course in mechanism design for cryptoeconomic applications — understanding the basic fundamentals of cryptoeconomics
from BlockChannel
https://medium.com/blockchannel/a-crash-course-in-mechanism-design-for-cryptoeconomic-applications-a9f06ab6a976

The security token thesis — when a broad array of assets moves to blockchain records of ownership (represented by tokens)
by Stephen McKeon
https://hackernoon.com/the-security-token-thesis-4c5904761063

Cryptoasset valuations — a theory and framework for evaluating
by Chris Burniske
https://medium.com/@cburniske/cryptoasset-valuations-ac83479ffca7

An (institutional) investor’s take on cryptoassets
by John Pfeffer
https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/john-pfeffer/An+Investor%27s+Take+on+Cryptoassets+v6.pdf

Comments on the above (tweetstorm) — network effects?; programmability as feature of money
by Kyle Samani
https://twitter.com/KyleSamani/status/943277077037506560

On value, velocity, and monetary theory — a new approach to cryptoasset valuations
by Alex Evans

On the quantity theory of money for tokens — take from a former research officer at Federal Reserve Bank (Minneapolis)
by Warren Weber
https://blog.coinfund.io/the-quantity-theory-of-money-for-tokens-dbfbc5472423

On medium-of-exchange token valuations
by Vitalik Buterin
http://vitalik.ca/general/2017/10/17/moe.html

Understanding token velocity
by Kyle Samani
https://multicoin.capital/2017/12/08/understanding-token-velocity/

A process for evaluating new tokens
by Nick Tomaino
https://thecontrol.co/our-process-for-evaluating-new-tokens-4627ed97f500

Token classification framework — a multi-dimensional tool for understanding and classifying crypto tokens
by Thomas Euler
http://www.untitled-inc.com/the-token-classification-framework-a-multi-dimensional-tool-for-understanding-and-classifying-crypto-tokens/

On cryptocurrency communities
by Nick Tomaino
https://thecontrol.co/on-cryptocurrency-communities-f592b5ce6b0b

Fat protocols are not an investment thesis
by Jake Brukhman
https://blog.coinfund.io/fat-protocols-are-not-an-investment-thesis-17c8837c2734

Skin-in-the-game coins
by Ryan Selkis
https://medium.com/tbis-weekly-bits/skin-in-the-game-coins-da0afdfdc650

Thoughts on tokens
by Balaji Srinivasan
https://news.earn.com/thoughts-on-tokens-436109aabcbe

Funding the evolution of blockchains
by Fred Ehrsam
https://medium.com/@FEhrsam/funding-the-evolution-of-blockchains-87d160988481

Separating the staking token from the fee token — introducing the Photon (the Hard Spoon explained)
by Tendermint
https://blog.cosmos.network/cosmos-fee-token-introducing-the-photon-8a62b2f51aa

Explanation of DAICOs
by Vitalik Buterin
https://ethresear.ch/t/explanation-of-daicos/465

The SAFT Project
https://saftproject.com/

Regulatory environment and considerations — updates and explainers
from Coin Center
https://coincenter.org/our-work

State of decentralized exchanges, 2018
by Nathan Sexer
https://media.consensys.net/state-of-decentralized-exchanges-2018-276dad340c79

Networked liquidity — projects solving the chicken and egg problem
by Radar Relay
https://medium.com/radarrelay/networked-liquidity-2030d85af897

List of decentralized exchanges — of cryptocurrencies and tokens (does not yet include column for degree of decentralization)
https://github.com/PYMERVAL/decentradexchange

Stablecoins: A holy grail in digital currency
by Nick Tomaino
https://thecontrol.co/stablecoins-a-holy-grail-in-digital-currency-b64f3371e111

An overview of stablecoins
by Myles Snider
https://multicoin.capital/2018/01/17/an-overview-of-stablecoins/

The search for a stable cryptocurrency
by Vitalik Buterin
https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/11/11/search-stable-cryptocurrency/

Maker for dummies: a plain English explanation of the Dai stablecoin
by Gregory DiPrisco
https://medium.com/cryptolinks/maker-for-dummies-a-plain-english-explanation-of-the-dai-stablecoin-e4481d79b90

The emergence of cryptoeconomic primitives — definitions and building blocks of a token-based economy
by Jacob Home
https://medium.com/@jacobscott/the-emergence-of-cryptoeconomic-primitives-14ef3300cc10

Token lexicon — buzzwords related to curation markets and collectibles
by Billy Rennekamp
https://medium.com/@billyrennekamp/token-lexicon-b4ed9a4ce363

Smart media tokens
from Steemit
https://smt.steem.io/smt-whitepaper.pdf

Digital pets that don’t die
by Elaine Ou
https://elaineou.com/2017/12/03/digital-pets-that-dont-die/

Will cryptocurrencies be the art market’s next big thing?
by Scott Reyburn
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/13/arts/cryptocurrency-art-market.html

Digital collectibles and the weird future of “digibles”
by Josh Stark
https://hackernoon.com/digital-collectibles-and-the-weird-future-of-digibles-f75f4bf0f9aa

Cryptocollectibles are XLNT, but nobody knows what’s next
by Matt Condon
https://medium.com/xlnt-art/cryptocollectibles-are-xlnt-but-nobody-knows-whats-next-a7892b311637

Rare pepe — what happens when you combine a crypto-asset with a meme and a trading card
by Fred Wilson
http://avc.com/2017/05/rare-pepe/

Introducing curation markets — trade popularity of memes and information (with code!)
by Simon de la Rouviere
https://medium.com/@simondlr/introducing-curation-markets-trade-popularity-of-memes-information-with-code-70bf6fed9881

Curation markets (tweetstorm) — summary and implications of
by Fred Ehrsam
https://twitter.com/FEhrsam/status/958388803655184386

Early UIs for curation markets (tweetstorm) — categories and some projects using markets to curate human readable information
by Jesse Walden
https://twitter.com/jessewldn/status/958733889643696128

Making token curated registries (decentralized production of high-quality lists) work in practice — voting is the mechanism at the center, but information environment matters too
by Alex Tabarrok
https://medium.com/wireline/when-can-token-curated-registries-actually-work-%C2%B9-2ad908653aaf

Token curated registries — a more formal but less-than-mathematical view of token-curated registries
by Mike Goldin
https://medium.com/@ilovebagels/token-curated-registries-1-0-61a232f8dac7

Token curated registry design patterns — design thinking and use case exploration for these building blocks of decentralized applications based on fungible tokens and digital scarcity
by Matt Lockyer
https://medium.com/coinmonks/token-curated-registry-tcr-design-patterns-4de6d18efa15

Token curated registries that don’t work — TCRs are a holy grail of decentralized computing (all about trustless systems), but have a number of subtle but significant problems
by Aleksandr Bulkin
https://blog.coinfund.io/curate-this-token-curated-registries-that-dont-work-d76370b77150

Building ‘Google for the economic web’ on the Ethereum blockchain
by Maciej Olpinski

Learn to code Ethereum dapps by building your own game — designed for beginners to Solidity (even if you’ve never coded with Solidity before)
https://cryptozombies.io/

How to code your own cryptokitties-style game on Ethereum
by James Martin Duffy
https://medium.com/loom-network/how-to-code-your-own-cryptokitties-style-game-on-ethereum-7c8ac86a4eb3

Learning Solidity — commit-reveal voting
by Karl Floersch
https://karl.tech/learning-solidity-part-2-voting/

The hitchhiker’s guide to smart contracts in Ethereum
by Manuel Araoz
https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-hitchhikers-guide-to-smart-contracts-in-ethereum-848f08001f05

Introduction to zk-SNARKs with examples — an overview of zk-SNARKs from a practical viewpoint
Christian Lundkvist
https://media.consensys.net/introduction-to-zksnarks-with-examples-3283b554fc3b

zkSNARKs: driver’s ed — practical beginner’s guide to creating, proving, verifying in contracts
by Joseph Stockermans
https://github.com/jstoxrocky/zksnarks_example

Epicenter — a trove of interviews with many different blockchain project leads
https://epicenter.tv/episodes/

The Ceremony — Radiolab podcast featuring story of Zcash
with Morgen Peck, Peter Todd, Peter Van Valkenburgh, Zooko Wilcox; by Molly Webster and Matt Kielty
http://www.radiolab.org/story/ceremony/

Token Daily — place to share/discover news, launches/ product updates, articles, discussions, and deep-dive Q&As with experts
by Soona Amhaz, Ari Paul, Ryan Selkis, Dennis Stücken, Erik Torenberg, Ben Tossell, Linda Xie, et al

Week in Ethereum News — tracking developments in the Ethereum ecosystem
by Evan Van Ness

The Control — on the entrepreneurs, projects and protocols that are putting control of power in the hands of the people
by 1confirmation

Token Economy — tracking new developments in distributed ledger tech
by Stefano Bernardi and Yannick Roux
https://tokeneconomy.co/

Proof of Work — projects and progress in crypto, also a view from China
by Eric Meltzer
https://tinyletter.com/proofofwork/archive

The Defiant — daily newsletter “decrypting” the intersection of blockchain and finance
by Camila Russo
https://thedefiant.io/ 

Cryptocurrency (2018)
by Susan Athey and Kathryn Haun
http://explorecourses.stanford.edu/search?view=catalog&filter-coursestatus-Active=on&q=MGTECON%20515:%20Cryptocurrency&academicYear=20172018

Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies (2015)
by Arvind Narayan, Joseph Bonneau, Edward Felten, Andrew Miller
https://piazza.com/princeton/spring2015/btctech/home

Advanced topics in computer science: Bitcoin and cryptocurrency technologies (2014)
by Arvind Narayan
http://randomwalker.info/teaching/fall-2014-bitcoin/

A graduate course in applied cryptography (2017-2018)
by Dan Boneh and Victor Shoup

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